Lithium – White Gold

 

by Not Sure

6 October 2024

 

            In the summer of 2023, Elon Musk and Tesla broke ground on a lithium refinery near Corpus Christi, Texas.  Elon Musk called the refinery a “money-printing machine”.  Expected to open in mid-2024, the refinery is not completed.  The plant is needed to supply battery materials to Tesla’s Gigafactory in Austin, Texas.

            Musk has referred to lithium batteries as “the new oil”.  Lithium is called “white gold”.

            At sciencealert.com on 22 September 2024, Carly Cassella wrote, “Almost two centuries after California's gold rush, the United States is on the brink of a lithium rush. As demand for the material skyrockets, government geologists are rushing to figure out where the precious element is hiding.”

            The U.S. Department of Energy and the Federal Consortium for Advanced Batteries (FCAB) released an Executive Summary entitled “National Blueprint for Lithium Batteries 2021-2030”.  This reads more like a press release than a substantive document highlighting resource locations and extraction and processing plans, and we imagine this was printed in color and distributed widely across government departments, so petty bureaucrats would understand where to invest their retirement savings.

            Alan Watt spoke often about two important premises which are 1) there are at least three levels of science, and 2) scientific advances, “re-search” and technology are many decades ahead of what is given to the public to know.  If we keep these in mind when reading articles, scholarly papers, and press releases, we will find it easier to reason things out for ourselves.

            It should be a “given” that at the highest level of science it is acknowledged that anthropogenic climate change is a hoax, a tool used to create fear, shape lower levels of research, and exert control.  Therefore, when a government document talks about the urgent need for clean energy, we immediately catch the whiff of Bothersome Stuff.

            Theoretically, lithium can be extracted from clay, but that has yet to be realized.  The current sources of lithium are brine deposits (salt lakes) and hard rock.  The South American countries of Argentina, Chile and to a lesser extent, Bolivia, is where most of the brine originates.  This brine region is referred to as the “Lithium Triangle”.  Nevada, in the U.S. is a lesser source of lithium brine.

            Lithium is found in “hard rock” as part of the Pegmatite rock units that form when magma intrudes into the crust.  As this magma cools, water and minerals are concentrated.  Within the Pegmatite is a lithium-bearing mineral known as Spodumene.

            The benefits of hard rock lithium are its flexibility because it can be processed into both lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate, whereas brine can only be processed into carbonate.  Brine takes longer to process because of evaporation time, and Spodumene generally produces a higher lithium content in comparison to brine.

            The largest producer of Spodumene by weight is Western Australia and the largest hard-rock mine is Greenbushes mine, co-operated by a Chinese company.

            Piedmont Lithium is developing Carolina Lithium as a “multi-phased, fully integrated lithium project in Gaston County, North Carolina, with mining, spodumene concentrate production, and lithium hydroxide conversion being designed as Phase 1 and a second lithium hydroxide train being designed as Phase 2. We expect Carolina Lithium to be one of the world’s only fully integrated lithium sites and among the most sustainable lithium hydroxide operations of its kind. The project, currently in the development stage, is located within the renowned Carolina Tin-Spodumene Belt”.

            Gaston County suffered hurricane and flood damage and was without power for days, but they escaped the extreme devastation that the western part of the state incurred.  Kings Mountain in the Appalachians received much damage too, and this is where Albemarle Kings Mountain is located, “one of the world’s most advanced lithium material sites”.  On 24 September, just a few days before the hurricane and flooding, Albemarle submitted state and federal permits for the redevelopment of Kings Mountain Mine.

According to the World Economic Forum, these are the top-ranked producers of lithium, starting at number 1: Australia, Chile, China, Argentina, Brazil, Zimbabwe, Portugal, and the United States.  In addition to their domestic mines, Chinese companies have acquired close to $6 billion in lithium assets in countries like Chile, Canada, and Australia over the past decade and they control about 60% of the world’s refining capacity for lithium batteries.

Just a quick investigation on lithium mining, whether brine extraction or hard rock mining, shows the huge negative environmental impact of this global operation.  Refining lithium as another layer of environmental damage.  The “greenhouse gas” released by mining and refining is a clue that battery manufacturing is not about clean energy and EVs.  What then?

 

 

In this Redux from 26 October 2007, “California Dreamin' on Such a Smoky Day - Fires and Spraying, The People Praying”, Alan Watt talked about propaganda, childhood indoctrination, and how we are educated to see any given reality as normal.  People are entering into their elderly years who have never looked up, who cannot remember what skies looked like in their youth, so they have nothing to compare today’s skies to, if they bothered to see.  It has proven to be too easy for the highest level of the scientific priesthood to move us into our new “smart” pasture. 

If not clean energy and electric vehicles, what then?  Consider the rise of “grid-scale battery energy storage”, the energy needed to power a smart city.  There are now hundreds of smart cities around the world, and numerous conferences and “connect” initiatives.  Depending on the source, the U.S. alone spends between $200-300 billions annually on smart city technology.  A smart city is a prison.

We must also consider the military applications of batteries.  It’s impossible to ascertain how much the U.S.’s Department of Defense spends on battery acquisition and energy storage programs.  A lot, I think.

What we know is that we’re never told the truth, the indoctrination starts early and is lifelong.  It’s essential to learn to reason things out.  As Alan said in this talk, “One of the main things they had to do a long time ago was to get a standardized educational system so that everyone could be taught the same indoctrinations because you take your reasoning from what you've been taught. You reason things out according to the data and you come to conclusions, but they knew back then that we worked just like computers. A computer has a language, and a computer has a certain logic, a process it must go through, and we work the same way; so, by giving you little bits and bytes of information, you use your reason, and you will come to predetermined conclusions as you must. Therefore, when you give the same data to everyone under a standardized educational system, they'll all come to the same faulty conclusions, but they’ll all think they're right because everyone else agrees with them and that's how simple it is. They understood this long, long, long ago.”

 

© Not Sure

 

Additional reading:

 

National Blueprint for Lithium Batteries 2021-2030

https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-06/FCAB%20National%20Blueprint%20Lithium%20Batteries%200621_0.pdf

 

Department of Defense Operational Energy Strategy

https://www.acq.osd.mil/eie/Downloads/OE/2023%20Operational%20Energy%20Strategy.pdf